Electric cars are rechargeable vehicles powered by electric motors. Electric motors for cars convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Controllers regulate and control power received from rechargeable batteries to own the motors. The motors could be AC or DC motors. DC motors for electric cars could be further classified as permanent magnet, brushless, and shunt, series and separately excited. The DC uses electricity along with a magnetic field to make torque, which rotates the motor. The simplest DC electric motor comprises of two magnets of opposite polarity as well as an electric coil forming an electromagnet. The properties of attraction and repulsion are used with the DC electric motor to transform electricity into motion -- opposing electromagnetic forces of magnets generate torque resulting in the DC motor to turn. Characteristics desirable of electric motors for cars include peak power, ruggedness, high torque-to-inertia, high peak torque, high speed, low noise, minimal maintenance and ease of use. Current generation electric motors are along with inverters and controllers for any wide array of torque.
The abundance of series DC motor has allowed it being tested on a number of vehicles. The Series DC are robust and long-lasting, as well as the power density provides the very best value for money. The torque curve suits a variety of traction applications. However, it really is not as efficient as the AC Induction motor. The commutator brushes degrade and maintenance activities are needed periodically. It can also be not ideal for regenerative braking, that allow vehicles capture kinetic energy to recharge batteries.
DC motors are simpler and value less, and happen to be widely utilized in demonstration electric vehicles. Brushless DC have zero commutators, and so are more robust and efficient than commutator motors. Such DC motors, however, require modern-day controllers. Brushless DC in electric cars can provide efficiencies as much as 90%, with out servicing is necessary for up to hundred thousand kilometers. Experts at Floyd Associates (2012) argue that electric cars with DC Brushless motors can achieve the highest speed but slowest acceleration; AC Induction can achieve the fastest acceleration with average top speed; Permanent Magnet motors can achieve top speed and average acceleration; and Switched Reluctance motors provide essentially the most cost-effective solution.
Tesla Motors can be a pioneer in the development of electric vehicles. Tesla Roadster, for example, consumes 110 watt-hours for the kilometer-long drive. Electric vehicles depending on current technology cover the average of 160 km between charges. Deloitte (2012) argues that the greatest challenge inside progression of electric cars is energy density, or even the amount of electrical energy that can be stored per unit mass in a very battery.
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